KBI has the capability of producing different models of stroke, such as middle cerebral artery (MCAo) model and thromboembolism, in monkeys to mimic the pathophysiology of different types of strokes in patients. One of the commonly used stroke models is the ligation of unilateral MCAo followed by the removal of the occlusion through craniotomy surgery. This stroke model mimics the pathophysiology of ischemic-reperfusion in patients and the impact of craniotomy is manageable by comparing with the contralateral side by a range of assessments (Fig 1). This model is readily available for the evaluation of neuroprotective pharmaceutical agents.

KBI’s technologies for monitoring and evaluations of strokes:

·  Neurological evaluations including behavioral score (NHPSS, based on Nature 483:213-217, 2012)

·  Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

·  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

·  Computed tomography perfusion (CT)

·  Necropsy, gross pathology and histology

Fig 1. Representative images of middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 branch ligation (ischemia) for 3 hrs and then removal of the ligation (reperfusion).